The Labor Market and Social Mobility

This paper analyzes the growth in Arabs' labor income per individual during the last decade, and presents the potential contribution of scenarios in which the gaps between Arabs and non-Haredi Jews are closed or narrowed.

The purpose of this study is to outline the demographic and economic characteristics of the Haredi-Hasidic population group in the U.S., aiming to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of this group in terms of education, employment, and income. Its necessity stems from the fact that most data regarding the U.S. Haredi population is based on independent surveys, or on studies conducted at least a decade ago.

There is a considerable gap in wages and in monthly labor income per capita between non-‎Haredi Jews and Arabs in Israel, and understanding the source of this gap is an important ‎step towards reducing it. This study examines the contribution of human capital disparities ‎to these gaps between non-Haredi Jewish men and Arab men, and between non-Haredi ‎Jewish women and Arab women.

This policy paper studies the outcomes of the decision to pursue employment, and the quality of employment, on Haredi households. Making use of numerous surveys and statistical data, the authors point to barriers that hinder both Haredi spouses from succeeding in high-quality employment avenues.

This study identifies labor market disparities between Arab and Jewish communities, assesses the impact of the war on employment of the Arab society, and provides policy recommendations to address employment challenges and enhance the integration of Arabs into high-quality employment opportunities.

This paper investigates the economic incentives for ultra-Orthodox men to enter the workforce and evaluates the financial feasibility of their employment.

This paper discusses the changes in households’ labor income over the last twenty years, possible scenarios for the coming years, and outlines policy supporting the continuing growth of the Israeli economy and the closing of gaps between population groups.

This policy paper explores interventions to encourage more female students to pursue technological excellence tracks in middle schools, aiming to reduce gender gaps in the tech sector.

This study explores the impact of historical developments since the establishment of the State of Israel and sociological characteristics unique to ultra-Orthodox society on recent changes within the community and its relationship with the state. Additionally, it investigates the economic trends prevalent in recent years.

This study aims to examine the obstacles hindering the integration of ultra-Orthodox women into high-quality employment, with the ultimate goal of mitigating the wage gap between this demographic and non-Orthodox women.

This paper summarizes an initiative by the Authority for the Economic Development of the Minority Sector, aiming to enhance Hebrew studies in Arab society, standardize practices, and implement a consistent assessment method to eliminate proficiency barriers in academia and the labor market.

This paper explores the decline in employment and the rise in the NEET (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) rate among young Arabs, providing explanations and suggesting policy measures for their effective integration into the economy and society.

This paper examines the quality of integration into the labor market of bachelor's degree holders from the Arab society who earned the degree from institutions of higher education in Israel, offers valuable insights for public policy and emphasizes the importance of increasing access to higher education among the Arab population in Israel.

This policy paper examines the barriers to the employment of adults before and after retirement age in the State of Israel and offers solutions to address these barriers.

This paper presents a mapping and identification of barriers for young Arab adults to integrate into STEM higher education and quality employment. Recommendations include guidance and advice, skills acquisition, setting measurable goals and monitoring compliance.

This paper presents the current status of ultra-Orthodox men employed in high-tech and those who wish to integrate into high-tech and examines the possible ways to increase the number of Haredi men employed in high-tech.

This work investigates the decline in Arab men's employment occurred before the COVID-19 crisis throughout 2014-2019, focusing on young men aged 18-24, and the characteristics of the NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training).

This paper examines the economic implications of the employment of adults in Israel and the consequences of (lack of) employment on the healthy aging of the population, on the individual and on the economy.

This paper maps key trends in the technological employment market, assesses the correlation between various skills and the probability of integration into this market in research and development roles or growth positions, and presents policy recommendations.

This paper examines disparities between Arab and Hebrew education in Israel, along with education system outputs (graduates’ proficiency levels, matriculation eligibility rates and matriculation quality) and inputs (funding from Education Ministry and local authorities, quality of teaching and management, and students’ backgrounds), and presents recommendations for gap reduction.

This paper outlines the required employment and human capital policy, which includes setting targets, establishing employment schemes, implementing a reform in the vocational training system and establishing an Employment Ministry.

This paper examines the return on Hebrew language knowledge in academia and the labor market among women and men in Arab society, describes the barriers to language acquisition which exist in the Arab education system, and proposes a series of measures for improving Hebrew language proficiency from a young age.

This study explores changes which may increase the share of workers employed in the high-tech sector. The study supports intensifying the policy which aims to increase the rate of students who take expanded matriculation in mathematics and major in STEM-related subjects, and identifies some population groups, namely Jewish women as well as Arab and Haredi people, as potential sources for expanding high-tech employment.

This policy paper examines whether Israel has the necessary human capital to support expansion of the high-tech sector, from 9% to 12% of all employees across the Israeli economy, by 2030.

The Committee for Employment Advancement Towards 2030, headed by Prof. Zvi Eckstein, recommends setting employment rate targets for different population groups, as well as an unprecedented recommendation to set targets of employment quality. The committee further recommends means for achieving these targets, including information and guidance systems, and training courses to enhance workers’ skills.

This paper describes and explains the significant increase in employment since 2002, and its effect on wages, income and poverty.