Methodology
The Institute for Liberty and Responsibility team at the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy at Reichman University prepared the survey questions and subsequently analyzed the data.
The surveys conducted in April, September and December 2022, and March and September 2023, were conducted by Geocartography company. The remaining surveys were conducted by ipanel. Both companies conduct online surveys in Israel.
The questionnaires were translated into Arabic, allowing Arab respondents to choose whether to answer in Hebrew or Arabic.
| Survey Date (Days) | Number of Respondents | Jewish Respondents | Arab Respondents | Sampling Error | ||
| 1 | April (10-14) | 2022 | 1,559 | 1,275 | 284 | 2.50% |
| 2 | June (11-14) | 2022 | 807 | 657 | 150 | 3.50% |
| 3 | July (12-16) | 2022 | 822 | 665 | 157 | 3.40% |
| 4 | August (7-13) | 2022 | 810 | 652 | 158 | 3.40% |
| 5 | September (22/9-2/10) | 2022 | 1,671 | 1,417 | 254 | 2.40% |
| 6 | October (24-27) | 2022 | 1,507 | 1,206 | 301 | 2.50% |
| 7 | December (7-11) | 2022 | 807 | 655 | 152 | 3.50% |
| 8 | January (16-22) | 2023 | 1,461 | 1,205 | 256 | 2.60% |
| 9 | February (9-14) | 2023 | 1,512 | 1,204 | 308 | 2.50% |
| 10 | March (19-22) | 2023 | 1,558 | 1,257 | 301 | 2.50% |
| 11 | April (18-20) | 2023 | 816 | 656 | 160 | 3.40% |
| 12 | May (9-11) | 2023 | 813 | 657 | 156 | 3.40% |
| 13 | June (11-14) | 2023 | 811 | 655 | 156 | 3.40% |
| 14 | July (12-16) | 2023 | 813 | 661 | 152 | 3.40% |
| 15 | August (8-13) | 2023 | 805 | 652 | 153 | 3.50% |
| 16 | September (3-6) | 2023 | 1,562 | 1,227 | 335 | 2.50% |
| 17 | October (17-19) | 2023 | 807 | 657 | 150 | 3.50% |
| 18 | November (13-16) | 2023 | 803 | 651 | 152 | 3.50% |
| 19 | December (17-19) | 2023 | 807 | 657 | 150 | 3.50% |
| 20 | January (14-17) | 2024 | 805 | 652 | 153 | 3.50% |
| 21 | February (11-13) | 2024 | 803 | 649 | 154 | 3.50% |
| 22 | March (3-6) | 2024 | 1526 | 1266 | 260 | 2.50% |
| 23 | April (1-3) | 2024 | 804 | 651 | 153 | 3.50% |
| 24 | May (5-7) | 2024 | 810 | 657 | 153 | 3.40% |
| 25 | June (16-20) | 2024 | 815 | 657 | 158 | 3.40% |
| 26 | July (14-18) | 2024 | 807 | 655 | 152 | 3.50% |
| 27 | August (14-19) | 2024 | 1512 | 1260 | 252 | 2.50% |
| 28 | September (8-11) | 2024 | 1501 | 1251 | 250 | 2.50% |
| 29 | October (13-15) | 2024 | 803 | 653 | 150 | 3.50% |
| 30 | November (11-14) | 2024 | 807 | 657 | 150 | 3.50% |
| 31 | December (15-19) | 2024 | 1465 | 1200 | 265 | 2.60% |
| 32 | January (5-8) | 2025 | 811 | 655 | 156 | 3.40% |
| 33 | February (9-12) | 2025 | 811 | 659 | 152 | 3.40% |
| 34 | March (9-12) | 2025 | 1507 | 1257 | 250 | 2.50% |
| 35 | April (21-27) | 2025 | 1490 | 1254 | 237 | 2.50% |
| 36 | May (12-15) | 2025 | 803 | 658 | 145 | 3.50% |
| 37 | June (8-11) | 2025 | 803 | 650 | 153 | 3.50% |
| 38 | July (14-15) | 2025 | 800 | 648 | 152 | 3.50% |
| 39 | August (10-14) | 2025 | 1505 | 1259 | 246 | 2.50% |
| 40 | September (7-11) | 2025 | 1511 | 1260 | 251 | 2.50% |
| 41 | October (16-19) | 2025 | 1208 | 1007 | 201 | 2.80% |
| 42 | November (9-11) | 2025 | 806 | 654 | 152 | 3.5% |
| 43 | December (8-10) | 2025 | 1513 | 1259 | 154 | 2.50% |
| 44 | January (11-13) | 2006 | 810 | 658 | 152 | 3.40% |
| 45 | February (9-11) | 2026 | 812 | 660 | 152 | 3.40% |
| 46 | March (9-11) | 2026 | 812 | 658 | 154 | 3.40% |
| 47 | April (16-21) | 2026 | 1515 | 1260 | 255 | 2.50% |
| 48 | May (10-14) | 2026 | 1511 | 1257 | 254 | 2.50% |
| 49 | June (7-9) | 2026 | 808 | 655 | 153 | 3.5% |
| 50 | July (12-14) | 2026 | 813 | 657 | 156 | 3.4% |
Note: The maximum sampling error for the entire sample is at a 95% confidence level.
The Jewish respondents constitute a representative sample of the adult Jewish population in Israel, stratified by gender, age groups, geographical district, and level of religiosity. Additionally, the Arab respondents constitute a sample that closely represents the adult Arab population in Israel by gender, age groups, geographical district, and level of religiosity, with under-sampling of male respondents, respondents from the southern region, and respondents aged 40 and above within this population.
Public Trust in Government Institutions
Format of the questions asked: "To what extent do you have trust in each of the following institutions?", where respondents were required to answer regarding the Knesset, the Government, the Supreme Court, and the President.
Response options for the questions: 1. I have very high trust, 2. I have high trust, 3. I have little trust, 4. I have no trust at all, 5. Don't know.
Public Trust in the Legal System
Format of the questions asked: "To what extent do you have trust in each of the following institutions?", where respondents were required to answer regarding the Israel Police, the Supreme Court, the Attorney General, and the State Attorney's Office.
Response options for the questions: 1. I have very high trust, 2. I have high trust, 3. I have little trust, 4. I have no trust at all, 5. Don't know.
Trust in Security Forces
Format of the questions asked: "To what extent do you have trust in each of the following institutions?", where respondents were required to answer regarding the Police and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF*).
Response options for the questions: 1. I have very high trust, 2. I have high trust, 3. I have little trust, 4. I have no trust at all, 5. Don't know.
*Until November 2025, trust in the IDF was published using vote-based weighting. Beginning in December 2025, the methodology was updated, and trust in the IDF has since been calculated without applying vote-based weights
Index of Government Assessment
The Index of Government Assessment of the Institute for Liberty and Responsibility is an average of the level of trust the public has in the government, satisfaction with the government, an assessment of how responsive it is to the public, and the level of public satisfaction with the government's handling of the important issues facing the country.
Format of the questions asked:
- To what extent do you have trust in the government? Response options: 1. I have very high trust, 2. I have high trust, 3. I have little trust, 4. I have no trust at all, 5. Don't know.
- What is your level of satisfaction with the government's performance? Response options: 1. Very satisfied, 2. Satisfied, 3. Not satisfied, 4. Very unsatisfied, 5. Don't know.
- What score would you give the government in addressing the most important problem facing the country today? From 0 (low) to 10 (high). *Each respondent was asked to indicate the most important problem in their opinion that the country is facing, and then was asked about their assessment of the government's score in addressing this problem.
- To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: "The government is responsive to public problems"? Response options: 1. Strongly agree, 2. Agree, 3. Disagree, 4. Strongly disagree, 5. Don't know.
Starting from January 2026, a unified index was constructed as the product of averaging the responses to the questions. Before averaging, "don't know" responses were removed from the analysis, and the questions were standardized to range on a scale between 0 and 1. As part of constructing the index, internal reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha) were conducted to examine the relationship between these questions: average αs=0.75. The data in the report presents the average of the unified index in each survey.
*In reports before January 2026, the index presented the average satisfaction when the same questions were taken into account, "don't know" responses were removed, and the questions were coded binarily as 0 or 1. The average was presented as a percentage.
State of the Nation
Format of the question asked: "What do you think is the general state of Israel?"
Response options: Very good; Good; So-so; Not good; Bad; Don't know
Format of the question asked: "Are you proud or not proud to be Israeli?"
Response options: Not proud at all; Not proud; Proud; Very proud; Don't know.
The data are calculated using vote-based weights
Assessment of Democracy
Format of the question asked: “To what extent is it important for you to live in a country with a democratic system of government?”
Response options: Rating on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means “not important at all” and 10 means “very important” [“Don’t know” option provided].
Format of the question asked: “To what extent do you think Israel is a democratic country?”
Response options: Rating on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means “not democratic at all” and 10 means “very democratic” [“Don’t know” option provided].
Format of the question asked: “Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way Israeli democracy functions?”
Response options: Rating on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means “very dissatisfied” and 10 means “very satisfied” [“Don’t know” option provided].
Political Representation
Wording of the questions asked:
- In general, to what extent do you feel that the Israeli political system represents you?
- To what extent do you feel that members of the party you chose reflect your positions in the policies they promote in the current Knesset?
Response options: 1. To a very large extent, 2. To a large extent, 3. To some extent, 4. To a small extent, 5. Not at all, 7. Don't know
Data calculation is performed using voting weights and does not include respondents who answered "don't know"
Electoral Integrity
Format of the question asked: To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements regarding the next Knesset elections in Israel?
a. The next Knesset elections will be free and fair
b. Actors associated with the government will attempt to skew the election results
c. Actors associated with the opposition will attempt to skew the election results
d. Foreign countries will attempt to skew the election results
Response options for the four questions: Strongly agree; Agree; Disagree; Strongly disagree; Don't know
The data are calculated using vote-based weights